Roma Victims

Most estimates for numbers of Roma victims of the Holocaust fall between 200,000 and 500,000, although figures ranging between 90,000 and 4 million have been proposed. Lower estimates do not include those killed in all Axis-controlled countries. A detailed study by the late Sybil Milton, formerly senior historian at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum gave a figure of at least a minimum of 220,000, probably higher, possibly closer to 500,000 (cited in Re. Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation (Swiss Banks) Special Master's Proposals, September 11, 2000). Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at Austin, argues in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and 1,500,000 in his 2004 article, Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview as published in Stone, D. (ed.) (2004) The Historiography of the Holocaust. Palgrave, Basingstoke and New York.

250px-Porajmos

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Seetla is another important festival…

Seetla is another important festival of Banjaras performed in the month of Ashada or Shravan. On the eve of Seetla festival, the Banjaras propitiate all the seven sisters' malevolent deities. Seetla being the youngest of them is propitiated first, apart from the seven sister deities.

"Lunkad" is the messenger of these seven sisters. This festival is celebrated on the outskirts of the Tanda. The Naik of the Tanda and other male members of the Tanda go to the outskirts of the Tanda and set up seven stones by the side of path through which their cattle go for grazing and called them Seetla. There will be another stone in front of them called 'Lunkad'. The Naik who acts as a priest necessarily fasts on the day of festival. Agoat is sacrificed and the blood is spilled before the seven deities. The intensive of the goat are spread on the ground and cattle are made to run over them helter shelter. Fowls are sacrificed by the Tanda people attending the ceremoney. Seetla and her seven sister deities are considered as goddesses of small pox and these rituals are performed to appease them, in order to protect themselves and cattle from all kinds of diseases. Unlike the festival of Seetla and Teej, Tulja is festival of sacrifices and offering by individual families of Banjara Tribe.

 SHY LAMBADA GIRL AT TREE SHADE PH 123

Ppicture_123

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Sale of Romana Gyspy Posture

Romanian
    A VINDE
    un prim sălaş de robi sau
    SCLAVI
    ŢIGĂNEŞTI
    Printr-o licitaţie la Amiaḑă 'a Mănăstire d. sf. Elias
    la 8 mai MDCCCLII
    cine se compună din 18 Omeni
    10 Bajaţi, 7 Femei & 3 Fete
    în condiţie fină

    English
    FOR SALE
    A prime lot of serfs or
    SLAVES
    GYPSY (TZIGANY)
    Through an auction at noon at the St. Elias Monastery
    on 8 May 1852
    consisting of 18 Men
    10 Boys, 7 Women & 3 Girls
    in fine condition

GYPSY SALE POSTURE CUT mdr

    Hungarian
    ELADÓ
    Egy kiváló csoport cseléd avagy
    RABSZOLGA
    CIGÁNY
    Egy aukción keresztül, délben, a Szt. Éliás kolostorban
    1852 május 8-án
    18 férfi
    10 fiú, 7 nő & 3 lány
    kitűnő állapotban
 
SEE HOW THE STORY UNFOLDS INTO INDIAN ETHNIC CULTURE

AS  MY RESEARCH PAPER UNFOLDS BEFORE YOU

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ROMANI trace their origins to medieval India.

ROMANI trace their origins to medieval India.

Romani people, an ethnic group with origins in South Asia who are widely dispersed with their largest concentrated populations in Europe, especially Central and Eastern Europe, with more recent diaspora populations in the Americas and, to a lesser extent, in North Africa and the Middle East.

The Romani also Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms; exonym: Gypsies; Romani: Romane or Rromane,are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to medieval India.

The English term Gypsy originates from the Greek word Αιγύπτιοι Aigyptioi, whence modern Greek γύφτοι gifti in the belief that the Romanies, or some other Gypsy groups such as the Balkan Egyptians, originated in Egypt, and in one narrative were exiled as punishment for allegedly harboring the infant Jesus.This exonym is sometimes written with capital letter, to show that it designates an ethnic group.

As described in Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the medieval French referred to the Romanies as egyptiens. The term has come to bear pejorative connotations. The word "Gypsy" in English has become so pervasive that many Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names.

In North America, the word "Gypsy" is commonly used as a reference to lifestyle or fashion, and not to the Romani ethnicity. The Spanish term gitano and the French term gitan may have the same origin

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GYPSY WORLD

GYPSY GIRL FILM

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CENSUS WORK IN INDIA POSTCARDS

Census work in INDIA

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Electricity from Rice Husk

Villages in Bihar have been lifted out of darkness with an uninterrupted, self sufficient power supply and the credit for this initiative goes to Gyanesh Pandey, the promoter of Husk Power Systems (HPS) that transforms piles of discarded rice husk to light up the villages. Partnering with his friends Ratnesh Yadav, Manoj Sinha, and Charles W Ransler, Pandey has established ‘green’ power plants in 120 villages across Bihar and 3 villages in Uttar Pradesh.

After research and experiments, the team decided that the most feasible way to provide power to the villagers who depended on agriculture would be to generate electricity from rice husk. Through this unique green technology, villages get uninterrupted power for up to 6-12 hours by setting up a plant, which burns rice husk to generate gas to run generators.

“Becoming an entrepreneur was an evolutionary process. I had a good life in America. I did not face any problems there, but I always had the feeling that I must do something for our villages. I do not feel as though I have made any sacrifice. Today, there is hardly anything I do other than work. It gives me the satisfaction no other job can ever give,” says Pandey who feels that India’s acute power crisis must be solved efficiently with renewable resources.

After resigning his job in the U.S., Pandey returned to his home state in 2007, as his idea was to provide power to villagers who depended on agriculture as their main occupation in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner.

The company is set to make profits by the end of this year and plans to light up villages in other states like Maharastra, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Providing electricity to villages across India is just the beginning of Pandey’s ambitious plan to transform rural India. The company has already taken up the initiative to educate 200 children from Tumkuha. @s1c

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Diana in Famous WHITE DRESS

Diana white dress

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Princely states coins of India

Silver-rupee-coins

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VERY OLD COVERS FROM BRITISH PERIOD

OLD covers of British India

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